Improve Water and Nutrient Efficiency in Tomato Crop by a Dynamic Fertigation Management under Saline Conditions

The improvement of water and nutrient efficiency leads to a production model that is more sustainable with less water, fewer fertilizer inputs, and less environmental damages. High-technology fertigation equipment permits high precision in the nutrient solution application. Besides, the field measurement of soil water content by tensiometers and the extraction of soil solutions by suction cups allow a dynamic methodology management in agreement with real crop requirements. This trial was carried out to compare this dynamic fertigation management method (using tensiometers and suction cups) for tomato crops (Lycopersicum sculentum Mill. Forteza) under Mediterranean greenhouse conditions with other methods: the local traditional model, based only on technical consulting, and the classical model, by means of estimation of Kc and nutrient extractions references. The parameters studied were tomato yield, water, and fertilizer amounts applied during the cultivation as well as water- and fertilizer-use efficiency. The water used to prepare the nutrient solution was classified as C₄-S₃ following the Riverside classification system. Plants were grown from 15 August to 20 April. The results show that the supply of fertilizers during the cultivation has been significantly lower with classical and dynamic models. Dynamic method shows greater efficiencies for all the elements, except for potassium, and also decreases the water consumption, not affecting total yield.     

可可膳食纤维的制备工艺及物理特性研究

以可可果皮为原料，采用酸水解法提取水溶性膳食纤维和水不溶性膳食纤维。结果表明，可可水溶性膳食纤维的最佳提取工艺为：料液比为1∶30，水浴温度90℃，pH 2.0，提取时间30 min，得率为25.19%。可可膳食纤维总得率达57.99%，不溶性膳食纤维的持水力为5.23 g/g，溶胀性为11.42 mL/g。     

35技术在城市森林研究中的应用

总结国内外3s技术在城市森林研究领域应用现状，分析其不足，即遥感学家与植物生态学家缺乏沟通、被动遥感优势尚未挖掘、生态系统服务制图滞后、生态系统管理中忽视信息系统建设，以及景观规划的精确性与客观性有待提高等，在此基础上提出相应改进建议，以期为我国城市森林的3S技术应用和城市森林建设工作提供借鉴。     

蓝靛果忍冬色素提取工艺的研究

以蓝靛果忍冬果实为原料,进行了天然色素提取工艺研究。结果表明:蓝靛果忍冬色素最佳的提取工艺条件为:提取剂采用无水乙醇效果较好,用量为35mL;提取pH 3、最适合的提取温度为80℃、60min为最佳的提取时间。     

基于ARCENGINE空间分析的林业区划界线自动提取方法

使用ARCENGINE的空间分析接口,编程实现林业区划界线的自动提取。与传统方法相比,该方法极大地提高了林业区划界线提取的效率和准确度,且自动化程度高,极易推广。     

一种用于桑RAD-Seq高通量测序的基因组DNA提取方法

[目的]筛选一种能够得到高质量桑树基因组DNA的方法。[方法]采用天根试剂盒法(Plant Genomic DNA Kit离心柱型),并稍加改进,从11个桑种的新鲜嫩叶中提取DNA。[结果]该方法简单快速,不需要复杂仪器,且能有效地除去桑叶中的多糖、多酚、蛋白质等杂质,得到的DNA能够满足RAD-Seq高通量的测序要求。[结论]建立了一种用于桑RAD-Seq高通量测序的基因组DNA提取方法。     

Does returning sites of historic peri‐urban waste disposal to vegetable production pose a risk to human health? – A case study near Manchester,UK

Urban waste disposal occurred on fenland to the west of Manchester, England, between 1900 and 1964. The reclaimed fenland, Chat Moss, is now used for mixed arable farming. A total of 1.92 Mt of waste including privy midden, street sweepings, clinkers and slaughterhouse refuse was incorporated into the moss resulting in a modified topsoil with raised pH and reduced organic matter content compared with the subsoil. Elevated levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are observed in the topsoil beyond the typical depth of atmospheric contamination; Cd and As concentrations exceed soil guideline values (SGVs) at 1.8 and 43 mg/kg, respectively. Sequential extraction indicates that waste‐derived Pb, Zn and Ni remain predominantly in the residual fraction, whereas Cu was mainly organically bound. Arsenic was predominately found in oxide and organic matter fractions with Cd in carbonate, oxide, organic matter and residual fractions. Pot trials indicated limited uptake of PTEs by vegetables grown on the waste‐amended soil, with the exception of Cd uptake by lettuce (0.22 mg/kg FW) and Pb uptake by radish (0.16 mg/kg FW), which exceeded current EU limits of 0.2 and 0.1 mg/kg FW, respectively. Hazard quotients (HQs) identified no risks to adults from consumption of vegetables grown in these soils with the exception of lettuce consumption with a HQ of 1.4. Risks to children were slightly greater with HQs >1 for Cd in lettuce, spinach, carrots and onion, As in lettuce, parsley and onion and for Zn in spinach.     

超声波辅助提取白果粗脂肪

以自制白果粉为原料,分析了提取溶剂、粉料粒度、提取温度、超声波功率、料液比、提取时间及提取次数对白果出油率的影响。结果表明:石油醚(沸程60～90℃)是较适宜的提取溶剂,出油率为3.88%。最佳提取工艺为:白果粉粉碎度80目,提取温度25℃,超声波提取功率200 W,料液比1∶25(g/ml),每次提取时间40 min,提取次数2次。最优工艺条件下,出油率为3.86%,较索氏提取法,该工艺对白果粗脂肪的提取率为98.71%。     

极香罗勒芳香油成分GC-MS分析

采用超临界CO2萃取技术,对极香罗勒芳香油进行了萃取,并利用气相色谱—质谱法(GC-MS)对芳香油成分进行了鉴定。结果表明:芳香油的主要成分为萜类物质共34种,占总芳香油的46.47%;脂肪酸类3种,占总芳香油的34.61%;芳香族醚类化合物有3种,总芳香油的7.84%;酯类有2种,占总芳香油的3.91%;烃类2种,占总芳香油的1.86%。芳香油中相对含量最高的是亚麻酸,占总芳香油的27.69%;其次是芳樟醇,占总芳香油的12.96%;其它含量较高的成分依次是(+)表-双环倍半水芹烯(7.53%)、m-丁香酚(5.88%)。     

Potential of weed seedbanks for managing weeds: a review of recent New Zealand research

Weed seedbanks are the primary source of weeds in cultivated soils. Some knowledge of the weed seedbank may therefore be appropriate for integrated weed management programs. It would also be very useful in planning herbicide programs and reducing the total herbicide use. However, a number of problems are inherent in the estimation of the seedbank size for arable weeds that usually have annual life cycles. In a long-term research project we have investigated the dynamics of weed seedbanks in corn fields for the past 8 years. Specific studies have included (i) developing cheap and efficient methods for estimating the weed seedbank; (ii) developing guidelines for efficient soil sampling (including the number and size of samples); (iii) influence of cultivation methods on weed seed distribution; (iv) mapping the spatial variability of the seedbank; (v) estimating the rate of seedbank decline for certain weed species; and (vi) assessing the potential of using the weed seed content in the soil to predict future weed problems. This paper reviews and summarizes the results of our research on the above aspects. The strong correlation between seedlings emerged in the greenhouse and seeds extracted in the laboratory for the most abundant weed species has demonstrated the potential for using the weed seed content of the soil to predict future weed infestations. The next step is to establish correlations with field emergence under commercial conditions using the sampling guidelines developed in our studies. Subsequently, we aim to offer the weed seedbank estimation as a commercial service to farmers for planning the most appropriate weed management options.